Wissenschaftliche Studien

Dermatology

Pycnogenol^® in Oral Skin Care

 Pycnogenol for oral skin care

Pycnogenol^® in Topical Skin Care

 Pycnogenol for topical skin care

Bibliography

Applied topically, Pycnogenol^® significantly reduces UVB radiation induced-erythema, the procyanidins are the protecting factors.
Blazso, G., Rohdewald, P., Sibbel, R. and Gabor, M. (1995)Anti-inflammatory activities of procyanidin-containing extracts from Pinus pinaster sol. Proceedings of the International Bioflavonoid Symposium, Vienna, Austria, ed. Antus, S., Gabor, M. and Vetschera, K. July 16-19, 1995, pages 231-238.

Evidence of percuataneous absorption of Pycnogenol^® in human skin.
Sarikaki, V., Rallis, M., Tanojo, H., Panteri, I., Dotsikas, Y., Loukas, Y.L. Papaioannou, G. Demetzos, C., Weber, S., Moini, H., Maibach, H.I., Packer, L. (2004) In vitro Percutaneous Absorption of Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol^®) in Human Skin. Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. 23 (3): 149-158

Oral administration of Pycnogenol^® is able to delay and to reduce skin cancer following UV radiation.
Kyriazi, M., Yova, D., Rallis, M and Lima A. (2005)Cancer chemopreventive effects of Pinus maritima bark extract on ultraviolet radiation and ultraviolet radiation -7,12 dimethylbenz(a) anthracene induced skin carcinogenesis of hairless mice. Cancer Letters 237: 234-241.

Pycnogenol^® accelerates healing of diabetic ulcers.
Belcaro, G., Cesarone, M.R., Errichi, B.M., Ledda, A., Di Renzo, A., Stuard, S., Dugall, M., Pellegrini, L., Gizzi, G., Rohdewald, P., Ippolito, E., Ricci, A., Cacchio, M., Cipollone, G., Ruffini, I., Fano, F. and Hosoi, M. (2006)Diabetic Ulcers: Microcirculatory Improvement and Faster Healing with Pycnogenol^® Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis , 12 (3): 318-323.

Pycnogenol^® affects favourably the gene expression profile in human keratinocytes in vitro, thus having a great potential in treatment of psoriasis and dermatoses.
Rihn, B., Saliou, C., Bottin, MC., Keith, G. and Packer, L. (2001)From ancient remedies to modern therapeutics: Pine bark uses in skin disorders revisited.Phytotherapy Research, 15: 76-78.

Pycnogenol^® applied topically after sunburn inhibits photocarcinogenesis.
Sime, S. and Reeve, V.E. (2004)Protection from inflammation, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis induced by UV radiation in mice by topical Pycnogenol^®.Photochemistry & Photobiology, 79(2): 193-198.

Pycnogenol^® dose-dependently speeds-up the wound healing process and reduces scar formation.
Blazso, G. Gabor, M., Schönlau, F. and Rohdewald, P. (2004)Short communication: Pycnogenol^® accelerates wound healing and reduces scar formationPhytotherapy Research, 18: 579-581.

Pycnogenol^® increases the pathologically low capillary wall resistance. Pycnogeno® is shown to be the most potent among other bioflavonoids tested. Pycnogenol^® provides strength to capillary walls and makes them less permeable and thus contributes to anti-oedema, anti-inflammatory effects.
Gabor, M., Engi, E. and Sonkodi, S. (1993)Die Kapillarwandresistenz und ihre Beeinflussung durch wasserlösliche Flavonderivate bei spontan hypertonischen Ratten.Phlebologie, 22: 178-182.

Pycnogenol^® inhibits Interferon -? (IFN-?)-induced ICAM-1 expression in human skin cells (keratinocytes). This effect is dose and time dependent indicating the therapeutic potential of Pycnogenol^® in inflammatory skin disorders. ?
Bito, T., Roy, S., Sen, C.K. and Packer, L. (2000)Pine bark extract Pycnogenol^® down regulates IFN-? - induced adhesion of T cells to human keratinocytes by inhibiting inducible ICAM-1 expression.Free Radical Biology Medicine, 28 (2): 219-227.

Pycnogenol^® inhibits key triggers of inflammation.
Grimm, T., Chovanova, Z., Muchova, J., Sumegova, K., Liptakova, A., Durackova, Z., Högger, P. (2006)Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and MMP-9 secretion by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol^®).Journal of Inflammation, 3: 1, 1-6.

Pycnogenol^® inhibits UV-induced erythema in humans. This effect was concentration dependent indicating the beneficial effects of Pycnogenol^® in skin disorders induced by UV radiation.
Saliou, C., Rimbach, G., Moini, H., McLaughlin, L., Hosseini, S., Lee, J., Watson R.R. and Packer, L. (2001)Solar ultraviolet-induced erythema in human skin and nuclear factor-kappa-B-dependent gene expression in keratinocytes are modulated by French maritime pine bark extract.Free Radical Biol. & Med., 30 (2): 154-160

Pycnogenol^® produces an anti-oedema effect in two different models. Topical application of Pycnogenol^® gel protects the skin against UV radiation.
Blazso, G., Gabor, M. and Rohdewald, P. (1997)Anti-inflammatory activities of procyanidin containing extracts from Pinus pinaster Ait. after oral and cutaneous application.Pharmazie, 52 (5): 380-382.

Pycnogenol^® prolongs the lifetime of vitamin C more than other flavonoids.
Cossins, E., Lee, R. and Packer, L. (1998)ESR studies of vitamin C regeneration, order of reactivity of natural source phytochemical preparations.Biochem Mol. Biol. Int., 45 (3): 583-597.

Pycnogenol^® protects ?-tocopherol in endothelial cells.
Virgili F., Kim, D. and Packer, L. (1998)Procyanidins extracted from pine bark protect ?-tocopherol in ECV 304 endothelial cells challenged by activated RAW 264.7 macrophages: role of nitric oxide peroxynitrite.FEBS letters, 431: 315-318.

Pycnogenol^® protects the skin from ultraviolet-radiation-induced oxidative stress injury (lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity). The protective effects were related to dose, with the highest concentration providing the greatest benefits.
Guochang, Z. (1993)Ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative stress in cultured human skin fibroblasts and antioxidant protection.Bio. Res. Rep., Univ. Jyväskylä 33:1-86

Pycnogenol^® shows antimicrobial activity in vitro.
Torras, M.A.C., Faura, C.A., Schönlau, F. and Rohdwald, P. (2005)Anti-microbial activity of Pycnogenol^®.Phytotherapy Research, 19, 647-648

Pycnogenol^® shows beneficial effects in melasma.
Ni, Z., Mu, Y. and Gulati, O. (2002) Treatment of melasma with Pycnogenol^®. Phytotherapy Research, 16: 567-571

Review summarizing the positive effects for skin care
Schönlau, F. (2002)The cosmeceutical Pycnogenol^®.Journal Applied Cosmetology, 20: 241-246

Supplementation with Evelle® improves skin smoothness and elasticity.
Segger, D. and Schönlau, F. (2004)Supplementation with Evelle® improves smoothness and elasticity in a double blind, placebo- controlled study with 62 women.Journal of Dermatological Treatment 15: 222-226.

The tissue destroying enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases) collagenase, elastase and gelatinase are inhibited in vitro. Release of these enzymes from inflammatory cells is also inhibited by Pycnogenol^® and its metabolites.
Grimm, T., Schäfer, A. and Högger, P. (2004)Antioxidant activity and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases by metabolites of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol^®).Free Radicals Biology and Medicine, 36(6): 811-822.

Ulcers of the lower legs heal faster after oral plus topical application of Pycnogenol^®
Belcaro, G., Cesarone, M.R., Errichi, B.M., Ledda, A., Di Renzo, A., Stuard, S., Dugall, M., Pellegrini, L., Rohdewald, P., Ippolito, E., Ricci, A., Cacchio, M., Ruffini, I., Fano, F. and Hosoi M. (2005)Venous Ulcers: Microcirculatory Improvement and Faster Healing with Local Use of Pycnogenol^®. Angiology 56(6): 699-705

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